Study of Immune Response of Immune Mediator Interleukin (17 and 23) Against Dermatophytes Infection

Abstract

           Dermatophytosis (superficial fungal infections) is a type of fungal infection that arises mostly on dead keratin found in the top layer of the skin, hair, and nail. Dermatophytes are classified into three genera: Trichophyton (which causes diseases on the skin, hair, and nails), Epidermophyton (which causes infections on the skin, hair, and nails), and Microsporum (which causes infections on the skin, hair, and nails) (causing infections on skin and hair). Molecular methods for the differentiation between the genotyping characteristics of the species of dermatophytes are more specific, precise, and rapid than traditional methods, and they can discriminate between closely related species while being less susceptible to interference from external factors such as temperature variations and chemotherapy, among others. Trichophyton rubrum is the most common fungi that causes dermatophytosis, Molecular diagnosis is the best and most accurate method for diagnosing fungi, There is a clear variation in the genetic structure of local and global fungal isolates. High rate of interleukins (IL17, IL23) with fungal infections Culture on Sabouraud's Dextrose Agar ( SDA ) , required for species identification, was positive in 30 ( 28.3 % ) and negative in 76 (71.7 % ) of cases. Among the 55 , culture-positive isolates , 60 (56.7 % ) dermatophytes , 10 ( 9.4% ) Aspergillus , and 6 ( 5.7 %) Candida were isolated . the residence was ( 55.7% ) in rural and (44.3% ) in urban, which recorded high cases of skin infection in a rural area ( 63.5 % ) compared to an urban area ( 36.5 %). Most of the cases were in the age group of ( 11-20 ) years Where the percentage of infection was in the ages of less than or equal to 10 years; 15% of the infection was sexually distributed, 9.4% were males and 5.6% were females. Of these, 8.4% were rural and 6.6% were urban. The cases were in the age group of ( 21-30) years were 23.5% as (15% males and 8.4% females) and (12.2% Rural and 11.3% Urban). The cases were in the age group of ( 31-40 ) years was 18.8% as (8.4% males and 10.3% females) and (12.2% Rural and 11.3% Urban). The cases were in the age group of (41-50) years were 6.6% (3.7% males and 2.8% females) and (4.7% Rural and 1.8% Urban). The cases were in the age group of ( more than 50 ) years were 7.5% (1.8% males and 5.6% females) and (3.4% Rural and 3.4% Urban(